Wednesday, June 5, 2019
The Impact of Increased Domestic Abuse Rates
The Impact of Increased Domestic Abuse RatesINRODUCTION1.1Background of studyAccording to the United Nations secretary, the general Ban Ki Moon (2008) highlighted one universal proposition truth which always prevails in all countries, cultures and communities is that strength against wo manpower has never been accepted, will never be excusable and in whatever circumstance will be tolerated. Violence against women is an international concern since it is a national phenomenon that influences women of all races, ages, religions and economic statues. E really year as a result of personnel, more than than one gazillion people lose their lives and many suffer from non- fatal injuries which are mostly women kids. Moreover, it is a huge expense for the economy since it erodes billions of US dollars worldwide mainly in health carry on expenditure and much more in national economies in terms of workforce absenteeism, new law enforcement or even difference investment.In 2012 there wa s an estimation of 475 000 terminations which was recorded as a result of homicide. Furthermore 1 in five women have been sexually abused when she was a child and 1 in 3 women have been victims of either physical or sexual fury by their intimate partner at nigh point in their lifetime. According to the late Nelson Mandela in the health organization in (200212) which emphasize in the world report on violence and wellness that Many who live with the violence day in and day out presume that it is an innate part of the human state Brutality against women is a violation of the human dignity, the right to life and considered as an extreme inequality towards the women.According the world Health organization, 2004 in europium northwestward America nearly 3.9 men die from suicide for every 1 women they killed and in Asia the sex ratio are about 1.1. Unfortunately Mauritius, our small paradise is not to be left, the find out is even higher here where 1 women out of 4 are been battered . Between January to September, in 2013 nearly 1376 cases of violence against women were reported even though the ministry of sexual activity equality had already allocated 12.8 million (320, 000 Euros) to combat against intimate partner violence declared by the Defi Quotidian. The Family Violence Prevention fund (2008) with the American Association of University Women announces that more than 1,200 women are been killed every year by their husbands or boyfriends.Violence is associated with health problems and it affect the person in all dimension, physical, sexual, mental. In UK it affects both the child and the spawns health which often result in maternal mortality. In addition to it, 70 out of 295 women in UK (24%) died during their pregnancy or within 6 weeks they given birth and 19 of them were murdered according to the review saving lives Maternal deaths to make m early(a)hood safer in 2003. Last but not the least, 30 to 66% of the same abusive offender exploits both the mot her and the child. In India, they used to beat their wife and death caused by means of fire was very common that is women were been douse with kerosene and then it was claim that she died as a kitchen accident. Public officials in 1980s reveal that women who were mostly aged between 15 to 44 in Bombay or other urban areas of the Maharashtra where 1 out of 5 women were associated to accidental burnsS1.(world Report on violence and health, 2002)According to Durkheim (1800) Kushner, Sterk et al., (2005) which is disclose in Davis et al., (2011) research uncover that women were less expose to violence when they were residing in the protective interior(prenominal) sphere, however it was when they started to undertake non traditional roles, according to Levinson (1999) that is been engaged more in the mens role which lead them been more susceptible to violence. even, women are now emerging greatly in the world of business, thus they have a more independent lifestyle compared with their partner whereas some time back they were heavily depending on their partner causing them been more vulnerable to abuse and victimization. horticulture depicts norms that women direct to respect his husband thus if the women made a mistake at any level, the partner had the right to punish her. An Anon Pakistan (n.d) nibs were publish that thrashing a woman is to chastise or to discipline her as it was culturally and religiously justified because men are the owners of their wives and it is very much necessary to denominate them who is the boss so that the future transgressions are discourageS2d.The gender based violence is rooted in gender inequality, characterized by unequal power relation and the companionable structures are like factories which yields it to the society. The concept of masculinity has been integrated since civilization which is the main entrance for violence. The media also plays an important role in the sexualisation of women, portraying a prejudicial image of the women to the society. Religion engage in the production of discrimination violence against the women, the speech, scared text and their meaning , the practice of exclusion and the sexist un equality in church for instance contribute to maintain violence against women Stroher 2009, p.101 mention in Krob and Steffen article in 2015.Authorities responses are crucial to domestic violence calls. However police incumbents are often reluctant to intervene, often performing their job in a leisurely manner in serious cases and most astonishingly they side with the offenders than been with the victims. Parnas 1967 and Browne 1995 disclose that police hesitation to deal officially with domestic assaults is due to insufficient law enforcement in response to this study concern. earlier than been part of the solution they been increasing the problem. The police officers categorized simple assaults as been of low importance thus the victim will have to wait for the officers availabilit y or seek assistance with other agencies from Buzawa 1993 and Buzawa 1996. According to Waaland and Keeley in (1985) of a sample of the survey they conducted indicated that the police officers did not give any arrest in cases of illegal assault.Thus it is been added to the debate of addressing violence against women and the intervention strategies of the officers1.2 Problem recitalAccording to the domestic violence Homicide Report (2003) the human death toll is grossly underestimated. In 2001, intimate partner violence against women account for 20% of all non fatal violence that is 600,000 crimes overall. (Matthews, 2004) In spite of womens emancipation in the modern society, through its equal contribution at home and in society, we still perceiveS3 that women are been treated unequal to their husband or to other man in various settings. Domestic violence influence the womens ability to participate in the world where they are unable to take care of their children due to various h ealth problems that they experienced and pursue job careers normally. The government lost billions of money each year because of the enormous burden that violence leaves on the society. Mathews (2004), reveal that medical expenses from domestic violence range from $3 to $5 each year and this excludes the $100 million which are been lost by businesses from down in the mouth departure, lost salary, non productivity.No action is without meaning, Mahmood, 2001 stated that a women which is making use of a veil might be viewed in certain contexts as an onerousness whereas in another might be a womens resistance. Domestic violence also sends messages to the women that you must not breach this barrier. According to the European Parliament, 2006 violence is an exhibition of the historical unequal power relations between men and women leading to domination over and discrimination against the women by men preventing womens entire advancement. For example, the concept of the male honor is as sociated with purity of the women, if the women was raped or have sexual intercourse voluntarily outside marriage thus she was disgrace by the family. A study was conducted in Egypt where 47% of women were been killed by their relative after been raped. Women are unable to protect them from unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. We note that the situation have become beyond control internationally.Children who witnessed violence have many health problems like behavioural, anxiety, depression and poor school performance. In North America, children who witness violence exhibit antisocial behavior due to psychological disturbances. Moreover, a research in Leon and Nicaragua (2013) shows those children of abuse women were 6 times more presumable to die at age of 5. Children are dearly affected, 3207 cases of child abuse reported to the womens Aid national Free phone Helpline (2013) and based on the womens aid annual report (2013) 1,204 children were present at home dur ing intimate partner violence. Unfortunately most of the authoritiestechniques are furthermost of been defend the victim. Ferraro (1989) disclose that despite having serious policies only 18 % of offenders are been arrested, they often very lenient in domestic violence incident by Eigenberg et al. However, it is far to be a simple issue, fault in the system is indeed contributing in the nurture of domestic violence where it create a need to address this issue.1.3 Aim and objectives of the studyThe purpose of the study is to analyze the consequences of an increasing rate of domestic violence on the women and the responsiveness of the police authorities towards this major concern. The study will mainly focus on the impact that domestic violence have upon women kids, the forms of violence, sources, causes and how the authorities response to this alarming social phenomenon accordingly. Therefore, it will be interesting to know till what extent a women is been victimized in the 20th c entury.The objectives of this research are as followsAn insight of the different forms of domestic violenceTo disclose the voice of the stigmatizedTo investigate the effectiveness of the intervention strategies of the authorities upon violenceTo locate solutions to combat against domestic violence1.4 Research QuestionsWhat are the forms of domestic violence and how does it impact women?What is the consequence of domestic violence upon the women?Are authorities intervention techniques effective in response to violence?What are the reasons for difficulty in combating against domestic violence?1.5 Outline of the studyChapter 1 introduce the subject matter under study, how violence greatly influences the women, children and society and the response of the authorities towards this issue. The problem statement give a more in depth description how domestic violence has an impact on women, children and drawbacks of the police strategies. The aim and objectives and a brief realize of each c hapter accordingly.Chapter 2 literature reviewChapter 3 MethodologyChapter 4 Results and DiscussionsChapter 5 Recommendations and conclusionsREFERNCESWorld Health Organization (2013) Global and regional estimates of violence against women prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non- partner sexual violence. Switzerland WHO publications.World Health Organization (2002) World report on Violence and Health. geneva WHO publications.World Health organization (2014) Global status report on violence prevention. Switzerland WHO publications.European Union Agency for Fundamental Right (2014) Violence against women an EU wide survey. Europe. Publications Office of the European Union.Devries k, watts C, Yoshihama M, Kiss L, Schreiber L.B, Deyessa N, Heise L, Durand J, Mbwambo J, Jansen H, Berhane Y ,Ellsberg M. and Moreno C.G. (2011). Violence against women is strongly associated with suicide attempts Evidence from the WHO multi country study on womens health and domest ic violence against women, Journal of social science and medicine, Vol. 73, pp. 79-86.Indian Ocean Times. (2013). Mauritius 1,376 domestic violence cases recorded between January and September 2013, from en.indian-ocean-times.com accessed on the 12 April 2015 British High Commission Mauritius. (2015). Help and support available for victims of domestic violence in Mauritius from www.gov.uk accessed on 12 April 2015 Womens Aid. (2015). National and international statistics from www.womensaid.ie accessed on 12 April 2015 Council of Europe (2014) PREVENTING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ARTICLE 12 OF THE ISTANBUL CONVENTION A collection of papers on the council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence. Europe Council of Europe publications (emailprotected).Krob D.B and Steffen L. (2015). Religious influence on education and culture Violence against women as common sense, Journal of Social and Behavioral sciences, Vol. 174, pp. 2374 -2379.P eter G Sinder B and Stephens J. (1999), Police perceptions of domestic violence the nexus of victim, perpetrator, event, self and law policing, International journal of police strategies management, Vol.22 Iss 3, pp. 313-327.Chhikara P, Jakhar J, Malik A, Singla K and Dhattarwal S.K. (2013), Domestic Violence The Dark honor of our Society, Journal of Indian Academic Forensic Medicine, Vol.35 (1), pp. 0971-0973.Davis, R.L. (2010), Domestic violence related deaths, Journal of Aggression ,conflict and Peace Research, Vol. 2, Iss 2.Davis, D.M. (2013). Rehabilitation Counseling Masters Students Beliefs and Attitudes about Domestic Violence toward Women. Published PhD dissertation. Lowa University of Lowa, 167 pages.Grovert, A.J. (2008). Domestic violence against women A literature Review. Published Masters Literature review. Forest Grove Pacific University, 41 pages.Rojas, L.D.A. (2010). Men and Domestic violence/Partner Violence in Santiago, Chile the meaning of violence in masculinit y. Published Master Dissertation. Gothenburg Gothenburg University, 76 pages.1S1Source?S2discouragedS3percieve
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